Guidelines For Raising Teenagers
Prof. Morris Green, M.D., Indiana University School of Medicine retired
pediatric professor, notes the following parent guidelines for raising
teenagers: Teenagers, for the most part, do not view the adolescent transition
as particularly more stressful than any previous developmental stage. Great
physical, intellectual, social and emotional growth occurs between the
ages of 11 and 21. The central task for the teenager is to develop a sense
of personal identity by adapting to these changes. This process will challenge
family rules and values. There are three stages of adolescence: Early Adolescence:
rapid growth and sexual maturation. Has increased personal sensitivity
about body changes, measures appearances and skills against the "ideal"
and is not tolerant of differences from the "norm." Girls have a bigger
problem with this aspect than boys. The need to belong to a group is intense
as well as the desire to conform to a group.
Middle Adolescence: Peer influence decreases somewhat, but achieving
psychological independence from the parents is paramount. Experimentation
with alcohol, cigarettes and sexual activity occurs between the ages of
15-16 years. However, there is a greater motivation to do "what is right,
" control impulsiveness and resolve conflicts. Peer pressure increases.
Great intellectual growth occurs during this phase as well as the ability
to engage abstract concepts. Late Adolescence: The main tasks of this stage
are to prepare to enter the adult world, including the formation of vocational
goals and a strong sense of personal identity. Health Issues: Illness and
injury are generally related to behaviors, such as drinking, driving and
sexual activity. Motor vehicle accidents are the number one cause of death
for15-24 year olds, followed by homicide and suicide, typically involving
firing arms. 50 percent of 8th graders have tried alcohol. Cigarette smoking
continues to increase, usually starting between the 6th and 9th grades
of school. More than 50 percent of teens have had a sexual experience by
age 18. Parenting Adolescents: Teens receiving supportive, authoritative
parenting tend to have higher levels of competence, self-esteem, moral
development, impulse control and independence. Discipline based on asserting
power with harsh punishment leads to anxiety, immaturity and behavior problems
for teens. They respond better when allowed to disagree and state their
concerns. It is important to respond to a teenager's need for increasing
responsibility and decision-making power while maintaining family closeness,
warmth and communication. Teens need parental praise, support, availability
and interest in their daily activities. Unconditional positive regard is
extremely important. The balance of power between a teenager and parent
is naturally going to shift in time. However, clear expectations and consistent
discipline should continue.
Sreenivasarao Vepachedu, 08/05/98
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