Golconda Empire came under the control of Mughal Dynasty in 1686 and became known as Deccan Suba. This rule of Mughal Dynasty didn’t last long. Nizamul Ul Mulk Asaf Jah, as the governor of the Deccan, controlled the present state of Andhra Pradesh and parts of Tamilnadu and Orissa. In the beginning French had influence over Hyderabad. Salabat Jang, who came to power after his father, realized that the French were losing ground to British and so realigned himself with the English. However, in 1761, East India Company helped Nizam Ali Khan to depose his brother Salabat Jang and occupy the Deccan Suba. The East India Company took Andhra regions for lease from Nizam Ali. Later, by accords of 1768 and 1779 these Andhra regions came under complete control of East India Company, while Telagana states remained under Nizam. In 1802, the British government under a Permanent Revenue Settlement agreement restored the ruling powers and rights of kings of Andhra regions. During this time, rich and influential people were able to become rulers (Zamindars) to the city-states (Zamindaris). In the beginning, the British allowed old kingdoms to have armies with the condition that they would support the British Empire during the war. However, this right to have army was abolished and these kings were reduced to the level of Zamindars. These feudal kingdoms/zamindaris were abolished after the formation of the Indian Union, a democratic Republic.
In general, Telugu rulers belong to local Telugu castes/tribes and don't
belong to the Northern Aryan immigrant tribes/castes like Brahmin and Kshatriya.
However, there are a few exceptions. Peddapuram was ruled by Vatsavayi
dynasty, which was a Kshatriya family. Brahmin Dynasties ruled Polavaramu
and Lakkavaramu. The rest of the kingdoms/zamindaris were ruled by
powerful local non-Aryan tribes/castes. These kingdoms have supported Telugu
poets and Telugu literature. Nidadavolu Venkatarao and Kesavapantulu
Narasimhasastri described the literary contributions of Andhra kingdoms
and Telangana kingdoms. Dr. Toomati Donappa has done extensive research
on literary contributions of Andhra kingdoms and wrote a book entitled
"Andhrasamsthanamulu Sahityaposhanamu."
Andhra kingdoms that contributed to Telugu literature are:
Pithapuram
Peddapuram
Bobbili
Vijayanagaram
Venkatagiri
Karveti
Sri Kalahasti
Nujividu
Narasaraopeta
Amaravati
Polavaramu
Lakkavaramu
Munagala
Other Estates/Zamindaris are Pachipenta, Palakonda, Parvateepuramu,
Muktyala, Panugallu, Merangi, Rachulurepalle, Nelluru, Challapalli, Tettu,
Andra, Godevari kingdom, Urlamu, Sangamavalasa, Chundi, Jayapuramu, Kotaramachandrapuramu
etc.
Author
Literary Work
Kuchimanchi Jaggakavi
Subhadraaparinayamu
Kuchimachi Gangana
Satakanttharamayanamu
Devulapalli Bapanna
Taravali
Pindiprolu Lakhmana
Ravanadhammeeyamu
Allamaraju Subrahmanyakavi
Bhadraparinayamu
Devulapalli Subbarayasastri
and Devulapalli Venkatakrishnasastri
Ravuvamsamuktavali in Sasnkrit and Telugu.
Devulapalli Subbarayasastri
Sriramapanchasattu, Mahendravijayamu,
Ramarayavilasamu, Malhanastavamu, Kumara Satakamu,
Mandeswara Satakamu
Kings of Pithapuram and their descendents had invested a lot of money
to support Telugu literature and established literary organizations like
"Andhrasahitya Parishattu."
Enugu Lacchana
Droupadeeparinayamu, Tulyamahatmyamu, Dhruvacharitramu
Enugu Lakshmana
Ramavilasamu, Rameswaramahatmyamu, Subhashitaratnavali,
Visweswarodaharanamu, Nrusimhadandakamu,
Viswamitracharitramu, Gangamahatmyamu and Geervanasurya
Satakamu.
Venuturumalli Viswnadha
Seshadharmamu and Kiratarjuniyamu.
Chavali Ramasastri
Kuvalayamodamu.
Rayadappa Janardhanarangarao
Mitravindaparinayamu and Bobbili Venugopalasatakamu.
Mandapaka Peraya
Nirdoshtyadasaradhi Satakamu, Kumudvati Parinayamu and
Indumati Parinayamu.
Mandapaka Kamaya
Kartikavrata Mahatmyamu, Balaramakshetra Mahatmyamu and
Suryanarayana Satakamu.
Mandapaka Parvateeswarasastri
more than one hundred books that include Krishnabhyadayamu,
Radhakrishna Samvadamu etc.
Mandavemula Venkataramaya
Kriyayogasaramu.
Sir Venkateswarachalapatirangarao (1862-1926) supported many poets and funded printing of several books.
Pusapati Rachiraju (ancestor of the family)
Navabharatamu
King Pusapati Tammabhupaludu (1620-1670)
Srikrishnavijayamu
Perumalla Somana
Simantani Kalyanamu
King Pusapati Pedavijayaramaraju (1670-1756) Andhraparasarihora
Gogulapati Kurmanadha
Ekantaseva, Mrutyunjaya Vilasamu,
Lakshminarayana Samvadamu, Sundarimani Satakamu
Simhadrinarasimha Satakamu, and Vijayarama Satakamu
King Pusapati Chinavijayaramaraju (1760-1794)
Adidamu Suraya
Kavijanaranjanamu, Ramalingesa Satakamu,
Kavisamsasayavicchedamu, Andhrachandralokamu, and
Andhranamaseshamu (a dictionary)
Chatarati Lakshminarasaya
Padmanabh Yuddhamu, Iswariparinayamu, Viseshandhramu,
and Bhandanarati Bhimasatakamu
Nadiminti Ramayogi
Ushaparinayamu
King Gajapati Vijayarama (1826-1879)
Poduri Venkatarajaya
Ramalila Vilasamu
Sripada Venkatachalamu
Kousalyaparinayamu, Ramakrishniopakhyanamu
Manda Kameswaraya
Kurmapuranamu, Tulasi Ramayanamu (translations)
King Gajapati Ananda (1879-1897): Famous personalities like Adibhatla
Narayanadasu and Gurajada Apparao were in his court.
Mudumbai Narasimhacharyaswamy
Sangnaramanamu etc.
Manda Chittikamasastri
translations of puranas like Matsya, Kurma, Markandeya etc.
Kolluri Kamasastri
Andhradharmasindhu
Gurajada Venkatapparao
Kanyasulkamu
Gurajada Sriramamurty
Biography of Gurajada Venkatapparao
Bahujanapalli Sitaramacharyulu
Trilinga Lakshanaseshamu
Tacchuri Singanacharya
Gayakaparijatamu
King Gajapati Vijayarama (1883-1902)
Adibhatla Narayandasu
translations of Omar Khayyam into Telugu and Sanskrit
Medepalli Venkataramanacharylu
Devavrata Charitra, Setubandhamu etc.
King Gajapati Alakanarayana (1902-1937)
Adibhatla Narayanadasu
Navarasatarangini
Bhogaraju Narayanamurty
Andhrakavita Charitramu, Kankanamu, Vasaviparinayamu,
Vimaladevi, Andhra Rashtramu, Ramavasa Charitra,
Padugakatnamu, etc.
Akundi Venkatasastri
Kautileyardhasastramu
Burra Seshgirirao
Abhishekrupakamu
Later writers include:
Toleti Venkatareddy
Rashtraprabodhamu
Ganti Suryanarayanasastri
Kalinga-Vijayanagara Charitra
Bulusu Venkatramanayya
Gajapatirajula Telugusahitya Poshanamu
Velugoti Rayudappa Nayani (1600)
Returi Rangaraju
Bhanumati Parinayamu
Velugoti Kumarayachamnayani (1777-1804)
Mudumbi Ayyappadikshitulu
Vishnupuranamu
Narakuri Narayanappa
Parijatamu
Velugoti Kumarayachendrulu (1832-1892)
Velugoti Kumarayachendrulu
Sabharanjani, Manssakshyamu etc.
Gopinadha Venkata
Srimadramayanamu, Brahmavaivartapuranamu,
Krishnajanmakhandamu, Brahmananda Satakamu,
Bhagavadgita Sastramu, Sisupalavadha, Radhikaparinayamu
Srimadramanauja Charitramu, Adityahrudayamu etc.
Tarkabhushanamu Venkatacharylu
Sringarakalpavalli
Tirumalasetti Jagnnadha
Halasya Mahatmyamu
Odayaru Viranagaya
Sivaratri Mahatmyamu
Mandapaka Parvatiswarasastri
Radhakrishna Samvadamu
Chilakapati Venkataramanujasarma
Gopikathsudhalahari, Vinodakathakalpavalli
Damerla Vengalabhupaludu (late 1500) Bahulasva Charitramu
Damerla Ankabhupaludu
Ushaparinayamu
Nadiminti Venkatapati
Abhishiktaraghavamu
Ravukondalarayudu
Chitrakavitvadarpanamu
Lingaraju (Kumara Dhurjati)
Kalhatimahatmyamu, Dvipada bhagavatamu
Venkatapati
Ratnavali Parinayamu
Munipalle Subrahmanyasastri
Adhyatmramayan Kirtanalu
Sishtu Sarvasastri (1830-1880)
Amarukamu and Jnanaprasunambika Satakamu
Kotra Lakshminarayanasastri
Lakshminarayaniyandhra Dictionery
Kalatturi Vikrala Raghavacharylu(1840-1890) Vedasamrajyamu, Sikshabhashyamu,
Sulbasutramu, Rahsyatrayabhashyamu, Suryasiddhanta
Vyakhyanamu, Grahadarshamu, Dharmanirnayamu,
Vruttisngrahamu, Andhrabhasha Mahima Varnanamu
Damerla Venkatabhupaludu
Setukhandamu
Venkatacharyudu
Indumati Parinayamu
Anivilla Venkatasastri
Apparaya Yasaschandrodayamu, Alankarasudhasindhumaheswara
Mahatmyamu, Rukminni Parinayamu, Bhaskara Prasasti, etc.
Dittakavi Ramayogi
Rajgopala Satakamu, Mahisasuramardani Satakamu, Raghutilakahelavati
Dandakamu, etc.
Madabhushi Venkatacharya
Bharatabhyudayamu, Pushpabanavilasamu, Ramavadhuti taravali etc.
Bukkapattanamu Raghavacharyulu
Andhradesha Charitra and Kuvalyasva Vijayamu
King Venkatadri Apparao Bahaddur Ramadasu: Jyotirleela, Govardhanoddharanamu,
Andhrashtapadulu,
Sobhanachala Mahatmyamu, Andhragitgovindamu, etc.
Duriseti Venkataramacharyulu
Anarkali
Yarroja Madhavacharyulu
Maghavalayamu
Ahobila
Kavisirobhushanamu and Kalindikanya Parinayamu
Pattabhiram
Kavisarpagarudamu, Kavimushikamarjalamu, Marunnandana Satakamu,
Malarajugudanarayanopakhyanamu, Vajrapanjara Satakamu, and
Syamantakopakhyanamu
Dittakavi Narayana
Rangaraya Charitramu
Dittakavi Ramachandra
Uddandagopalaraya Satakamu and Raghukulatilaka Satakamu
Venkata and Pardhsardhi
Vichitraraghavamu
Enugula Veerasamayya
Kasiyatra Charitra
Mulugu Papaya
Devibhagavatamu, Ahalyasankrandanamu, Sarvamadhuramu, Indratmaja
Parinayamu, Ghurjara Charitramu, Santanu Charitramu,
Srimadvemanaradhya Charitramu, Sahasrahridayanuranjamu (Telugu);
Aryasati Sivastotramu, Ekadasi Champuvu, Srikalyana Champuvu
Amaravadi Ramakavi (1840-1918)
Draupadiparinayamu and Vasireddiyamu (historical)
Koccharlakota Ramachandra-
Apavadatarangini, Prabhuviswasamu, Milleru Doravaari Jeevitam,
venkatakrishnarao
Rajatarangini, Sahasika Kathavarnanamu etc,
(Bahaddur Zameendar) (1872-1919) The
Zameendaar also establised a monthly, "Saraswati" in 1898
Tirupati Venkatakavulu
Buddha Charitramu
Peddada Nagaraja
Sakuntalaparinayamu
King Mantripregada Bhujangarao
Vasantakusumamamu, Varakanta, Sivapuranamu, Markandeya
(1872-1948)
Charitra, Sankarataravali (poetry); dramas like Vidynmala,
Sasirekha, Chitraharischandra, Pandavajnyatavasamu,
Uttararamacharitramu, Prasannaraghavamu, Sakuntalamu etc.;
Novels like Manorama, Rajahamsa, Vasantika, VijayankaSahasamu;
Prose like Ganamrutamu, Sisusanjeevani;
Philosophical works like Bhagavadgita, Tatvameemamsa,
Sivagitalu;
Also Christian works like Kraistavagudardhamu, Muttayi,
Luka, Yohanu etc. In addition, he wrote "History of Telugu Literature"
(in English), and established a monthly literary journal, "Manjuvani."
References:
History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh, By Rao
Telugu Sahitya Samiksha, by Nagayya
Sreenivasarao Vepachedu, August 8, 2000
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